2020. 2. 11. 05:17ㆍ카테고리 없음
This exciting textbook introduces students to the dynamic vibrant area of cognitive science - the scientific study of the mind and cognition. Cognitive science draws upon many academic disciplines, including psychology, computer science, philosophy, linguistics and neuroscience. This is the first textbook to present a unified view of cognitive science as a discipline in its own right, with a distinctive approach to studying the mind. Students are introduced to the cognitive scientist's 'toolkit' - the vast range of techniques and tools that cognitive scientists can use to study the mind. The book presents the main theoretical models that cognitive scientists are currently using, and shows how those models are being applied to unlock the mysteries of the human mind. Cognitive Science is replete with examples, illustrations, and applications, and draws on cutting-edge research and new developments to explore both the achievements that cognitive scientists have made, and the challenges that lie ahead.
Cognitive Science Bermudez Pdf
PDP: Motivation, basic approachCognitive psychology or “How the Mind Works”Information processing Perception / sensationAction Transformations Mental representationsKey questions: What are the mental representations? What are the transformations and how do they work? Where do these come from?Answers circa 1979 Mental representations are data structures (symbols bound together in relational structures) “Transformation” processes are rules, like the instructions in a computer program. The rules and starting representations are largely innate Learning is a process of building up new structured representations from primitives and deriving (and storing) new rules.Why were (are?) these ideas so appealing?EG modular, serial processing in word recognition Their application is highly intuitive, logical, maybe even obvious!Explain generalization / generativity, central to human cognition! EG: Today I will frump the car, yesterday I. the car.
EG: Colorless green ideas sleep furiously!Can build mechanistic, implemented models of behaviorExplains modular cognitive impairments! Pure alexia: Word representations gone! Prosopagnosia: Face reps gone! Category-specific impairment: Animals gone!
Broca’s aphasia: Phonological word forms gone! And so onSo why isn’t this a class on symbolic cognitive modeling?W O R KEG: Today I will meep the car, yesterday I. the car.Learning and developmentCognitive impairments not so modular Pure alexia: Can’t see high spatial frequencies. Prosopagnosia: Abnormal visual word recognition. Category-specific impairment: Can still name half the animals. Broca’s aphasia: Can still produce single concrete nouns, can’t do grammar.
And so on But also Had a lot of Other ProblemsSome issues with modular, serial, symbolic approaches Constraint satisfaction, context sensitivity Quasi regularity Learning and developmental change Graceful degradationRumelhart Brains are different than serial digital computers. Brain: Neurons are like little information processors They are slow and intrinsically noisy but there are many of them and they behave in parallel, not in serial. It turns out that noisy, parallel computing systems are naturally suited to some of the kinds of behavioral tasks that challenged symbolic theories of the time.In other words Rather than thinking of the mind as some kind of unconstrained “universal computer,” maybe we should pay attention to the kinds of computations a noisy, parallel, brain-like system can naturally conduct. Paying attention to the implementation might offer some clues about / constraints on theories about how the mind works.